Pet Rat and Mice Care Guide

Rats and mice make fantastic pets, especially for those who take the time to understand and meet their needs. Whether you're considering getting a pet rat or mouse or you're already a proud owner, this guide will help you provide the best care possible.

Pet Rat and Pet Mice

Rats and mice, while both members of the rodent family, have distinct differences and care needs. Rats are generally larger and more robust, while mice are smaller and more delicate. Both are highly social animals and thrive in the company of their own kind, so it’s best to keep them in pairs or small groups of the same species. When properly cared for, rats and mice can become affectionate companions that bond closely with their owners.

Pet Rat Lifespan

Rats typically live for about 2 to 3 years, though with good care they can sometimes live a bit longer. Their relatively short lifespan means that you’ll need to be prepared for the emotional aspect of losing a pet sooner than with some other animals. However, the time spent with your pet rat will be filled with enrichment and bonding.

Pet Mouse Lifespan

Mice have a slightly shorter lifespan, usually around 1.5 to 2 years. Their small size and quick metabolism mean they live life at a fast pace, requiring daily interaction and care to ensure they’re happy and healthy.

How to Take Care of a Pet Rat or Mouse

Caring for a pet rat or mouse goes beyond just feeding them and cleaning their cages. These small creatures need mental stimulation, social interaction, and a safe environment to thrive.
Here’s what you need to know:

Pet Rat Cage and Pet Mice Cage

The cage is your pet’s home, and it needs to be safe, spacious, and stimulating. Provide a spacious cage with multiple levels and plenty of space to explore – they will need space to roam, climb, and burrow. Ensure the cage is escape-proof, especially for mice, who can squeeze through very small gaps. The cage should be kept in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and drafts.
It’s important to note that rats and mice need a 'gnaw proof' cage, such as a solid plastic or glass tank with good ventilation and a secure lid. There are many varieties available - a good rule of thumb for choosing a cage is to go with the largest you can afford and have room for.

Rat and Mouse Cage Size

• Rats - 35cm L x 28cm W x 44cm H
• Mice - 35cm L x 28cm W x 30cm H
The flooring should consist of wood shavings or paper. Straw is too sharp and should not be used. Sawdust should also be avoided as it is too fine and can irritate the eyes, nose and ears. Create a sleeping area with something like a bird nesting box filled with shredded paper.

Mice and Rat Food

It’s crucial you ensure you feed your rats or mice a balanced diet. Always ensure fresh water is available and use a non-drip bottle to prevent the enclosure from getting wet. Provide a mix of high-quality pellets, fresh fruits, and vegetables. When calculating quantities, remember that pellets should form the basis of their diet and that fruits and vegetables should be supplement parts of their diet. Broccoli, sprouts, carrot, avocado, tomato, apple and banana are all good choices. As a treat, rats love corn-on-the-cob, while mice adore dandelion leaves. Treats like nuts and seeds can be given in moderation, as they are high in fat.

Avoid sugary or fatty foods and any toxic substances like chocolate or caffeine.

Feed your rat or mouse from dishes that are easy to clean. It’s a good idea to leave food out all the time but remember to change it daily.

Socialisation

Rats and mice are social animals and enjoy the company of their own kind.
In the wild, rats and mice live in colonies so, while they can live alone, they will do better with the company of a friend. Generally, opt to keep same-sex animals as a male/female combination will result in constant offspring – but do not keep two male mice together as they will fight. Rats can live with some dogs and cats but be careful when introducing them and never leave them alone together. It's not wise to try this with mice.

Handling

Both rats and mice are social animals, so regular handling and playtime outside their cage are essential to keeping them happy.
Domestic, hand reared rats and mice rarely bite and if they do it is usually from fear rather than aggression. Begin handling your pet rat or mouse by stroking them for the first couple of days, letting them get used to your smell.

If you have been handling food, wash your hands first as they can mistake your finger for food, which may result in a bite.
• Rats: use two hands forming a cradle and scoop them up, allowing them to rest comfortably in your palm. Don't pick them up by their tail.
• Mice: use the same method, but you can use one hand.

Health

Rats and mice have teeth that grow continuously. They must chew to wear them down so the mouth occludes properly. Always provide gnawing toys, branches or sticks. They should not be left to run loose in the house as they will not only destroy furniture and bedding but could chew electrical cords.
It’s a good idea to regularly check your pets for signs of illness, particularly respiratory issues and dental problems, which are common in rodents. Early detection and treatment are key to keeping them healthy.

Exercise

Rats and mice are very active and need opportunities to exercise. Create a playground-like environment in the cage for your rat or mouse to stimulate their mind and provide exercise. Provide wheels, tunnels, and climbing structures in their cage to help them stay physically and mentally healthy. There are many plastic toys available, or you can add fruit tree branches and rocks. Rats and mice will be able to 'self-exercise' in this kind of environment.
Allowing them supervised playtime outside of their cage in a safe, enclosed area is also beneficial.

Pet Rat Toys and Toys for Pet Mice

Toys are essential for keeping your rats and mice mentally stimulated. They enjoy a variety of toys, including chew toys, wheels, and tunnels. Rats are known for their intelligence and can be trained to do simple tricks with the right toys and rewards. Providing a range of toys and regularly rotating them will help prevent boredom and keep your pets engaged. Toys that encourage foraging, such as treat-dispensing balls, are especially beneficial for both species.

Rat and Mice Supplies Checklist

Before bringing your pet rat or mouse home, make sure you have all the necessary supplies:
• A spacious, escape-proof cage with multiple levels and ramps
• Safe bedding material (avoid cedar or pine shavings, as they can be harmful)
• A water bottle and food dish
• High-quality rat or mouse pellets
• Fresh fruits and vegetables for occasional treats
• Chew toys to keep their teeth healthy
• A wheel for exercise (especially for mice)
• Hideaways and tunnels for mental stimulation
• A carrier for trips to the vet
• A dust bath for mice, as they enjoy rolling in fine sand or dust to keep their fur clean

Pet Rat and Mice FAQs

What do pet mice eat?

Pet mice primarily eat a diet of specially formulated pellets, but they also enjoy a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. It’s important to avoid foods that are high in sugar or fat, as well as anything toxic like chocolate or onions. Providing a varied diet helps ensure your mice get the nutrients they need to stay healthy.

How long do pet mice live?

Pet mice typically live between 1.5 to 2 years, though some may live a bit longer with excellent care. Their lifespan is relatively short, so it’s important to make the most of the time you have with them.

Can you have a pet rat in Australia?

Yes, you can have a pet rat in Australia. However, it’s important to check with your local council for any specific regulations or requirements regarding the keeping of pet rats. In some areas, certain species of rats may be restricted. Always ensure you’re in compliance with local laws before bringing a pet rat into your home.

How long can a rat survive without food and water?

Rats can survive without food for about 4 days, but without water, they can only survive for 2 to 3 days. It’s crucial to ensure that your pet rat always has access to fresh water and food to prevent dehydration and malnutrition.

How long can mice live without food or water?

Mice can survive without food for a similar duration to rats, about 2 to 4 days. However, like rats, they cannot survive long without water, and it’s vital to keep a constant supply of fresh water available to them.

How often should I clean my pet rat’s or mouse’s cage?

You should clean your pet rat’s or mouse’s cage at least once a week, but spot-cleaning daily is recommended to remove any soiled bedding or uneaten food. A clean cage helps prevent odours and reduces the risk of health issues. Regular cleaning also provides an opportunity to check for any signs of illness or distress in your pets.

Do pet rats and mice need veterinary care?

Yes, pet rats and mice should receive regular veterinary care just like any other pet. It’s important to find a vet who is experienced with small animals, as they can check for common health issues and provide guidance on proper care. Regular check-ups can help catch health problems early, ensuring a longer, healthier life for your pets.

Can rats and mice live together in the same cage?

No, it’s not recommended to house rats and mice together. While they may seem similar, their different sizes, behaviours, and social needs mean they are best kept apart. Housing them together can lead to stress, injury, or even death, so it's important to provide separate environments for each species.

How much exercise do rats and mice need?

Rats and mice are very active animals and require ample opportunities for exercise. This includes providing a wheel for them to run on, as well as toys and tunnels for exploration. Letting them out of their cage for supervised playtime in a secure area will also help keep them fit and healthy.

What bedding is best for rats and mice?

The best bedding for rats and mice is one that is soft, absorbent, and free of harmful chemicals. Aspen shavings, paper-based bedding, and hemp bedding are all good options. Avoid using cedar or pine shavings, as these can release harmful fumes that may affect your pets’ respiratory health.

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